Jak skutecznie kodować łańcuch znaków base64 za pomocą Excel VBA?

Question

Potrzebuję zakodować ciąg 100KB + jako base64 w VBA. Czy są dostępne jakieś wbudowane funkcje lub obiekty COM, które wykonają to jako czystą metodę VBA, która jest albo złożona, albo nie skaluje się dobrze na tych woluminach (zobacz linki od dbb i marxidad)?

Answer 1

Można korzystać z funkcji kodowania Base64 MSXML jak opisano w www.nonhostile.com/howto-encode-decode-base64-vb6.asp:

Function EncodeBase64(text As String) As String 
    Dim arrData() As Byte 
    arrData = StrConv(text, vbFromUnicode)  

    Dim objXML As MSXML2.DOMDocument 
    Dim objNode As MSXML2.IXMLDOMElement 

    Set objXML = New MSXML2.DOMDocument 
    Set objNode = objXML.createElement("b64") 

    objNode.dataType = "bin.base64" 
    objNode.nodeTypedValue = arrData 
    EncodeBase64 = objNode.Text 

    Set objNode = Nothing 
    Set objXML = Nothing 
End Function 

Answer 2

Ten kod działa bardzo szybko. Pochodzi z here

Option Explicit 

Private Const clOneMask = 16515072   '000000 111111 111111 111111 
Private Const clTwoMask = 258048   '111111 000000 111111 111111 
Private Const clThreeMask = 4032   '111111 111111 000000 111111 
Private Const clFourMask = 63    '111111 111111 111111 000000 

Private Const clHighMask = 16711680   '11111111 00000000 00000000 
Private Const clMidMask = 65280    '00000000 11111111 00000000 
Private Const clLowMask = 255    '00000000 00000000 11111111 

Private Const cl2Exp18 = 262144    '2 to the 18th power 
Private Const cl2Exp12 = 4096    '2 to the 12th 
Private Const cl2Exp6 = 64     '2 to the 6th 
Private Const cl2Exp8 = 256     '2 to the 8th 
Private Const cl2Exp16 = 65536    '2 to the 16th 

Public Function Encode64(sString As String) As String 

    Dim bTrans(63) As Byte, lPowers8(255) As Long, lPowers16(255) As Long, bOut() As Byte, bIn() As Byte 
    Dim lChar As Long, lTrip As Long, iPad As Integer, lLen As Long, lTemp As Long, lPos As Long, lOutSize As Long 

    For lTemp = 0 To 63         'Fill the translation table. 
     Select Case lTemp 
      Case 0 To 25 
       bTrans(lTemp) = 65 + lTemp    'A - Z 
      Case 26 To 51 
       bTrans(lTemp) = 71 + lTemp    'a - z 
      Case 52 To 61 
       bTrans(lTemp) = lTemp - 4    '1 - 0 
      Case 62 
       bTrans(lTemp) = 43      'Chr(43) = "+" 
      Case 63 
       bTrans(lTemp) = 47      'Chr(47) = "/" 
     End Select 
    Next lTemp 

    For lTemp = 0 To 255        'Fill the 2^8 and 2^16 lookup tables. 
     lPowers8(lTemp) = lTemp * cl2Exp8 
     lPowers16(lTemp) = lTemp * cl2Exp16 
    Next lTemp 

    iPad = Len(sString) Mod 3       'See if the length is divisible by 3 
    If iPad Then          'If not, figure out the end pad and resize the input. 
     iPad = 3 - iPad 
     sString = sString & String(iPad, Chr(0)) 
    End If 

    bIn = StrConv(sString, vbFromUnicode)    'Load the input string. 
    lLen = ((UBound(bIn) + 1) \ 3) * 4     'Length of resulting string. 
    lTemp = lLen \ 72         'Added space for vbCrLfs. 
    lOutSize = ((lTemp * 2) + lLen) - 1     'Calculate the size of the output buffer. 
    ReDim bOut(lOutSize)        'Make the output buffer. 

    lLen = 0           'Reusing this one, so reset it. 

    For lChar = LBound(bIn) To UBound(bIn) Step 3 
     lTrip = lPowers16(bIn(lChar)) + lPowers8(bIn(lChar + 1)) + bIn(lChar + 2) 'Combine the 3 bytes 
     lTemp = lTrip And clOneMask      'Mask for the first 6 bits 
     bOut(lPos) = bTrans(lTemp \ cl2Exp18)   'Shift it down to the low 6 bits and get the value 
     lTemp = lTrip And clTwoMask      'Mask for the second set. 
     bOut(lPos + 1) = bTrans(lTemp \ cl2Exp12)  'Shift it down and translate. 
     lTemp = lTrip And clThreeMask     'Mask for the third set. 
     bOut(lPos + 2) = bTrans(lTemp \ cl2Exp6)  'Shift it down and translate. 
     bOut(lPos + 3) = bTrans(lTrip And clFourMask) 'Mask for the low set. 
     If lLen = 68 Then        'Ready for a newline 
      bOut(lPos + 4) = 13       'Chr(13) = vbCr 
      bOut(lPos + 5) = 10       'Chr(10) = vbLf 
      lLen = 0         'Reset the counter 
      lPos = lPos + 6 
     Else 
      lLen = lLen + 4 
      lPos = lPos + 4 
     End If 
    Next lChar 

    If bOut(lOutSize) = 10 Then lOutSize = lOutSize - 2 'Shift the padding chars down if it ends with CrLf. 

    If iPad = 1 Then         'Add the padding chars if any. 
     bOut(lOutSize) = 61        'Chr(61) = "=" 
    ElseIf iPad = 2 Then 
     bOut(lOutSize) = 61 
     bOut(lOutSize - 1) = 61 
    End If 

    Encode64 = StrConv(bOut, vbUnicode)     'Convert back to a string and return it. 

End Function 

Public Function Decode64(sString As String) As String 

    Dim bOut() As Byte, bIn() As Byte, bTrans(255) As Byte, lPowers6(63) As Long, lPowers12(63) As Long 
    Dim lPowers18(63) As Long, lQuad As Long, iPad As Integer, lChar As Long, lPos As Long, sOut As String 
    Dim lTemp As Long 

    sString = Replace(sString, vbCr, vbNullString)  'Get rid of the vbCrLfs. These could be in... 
    sString = Replace(sString, vbLf, vbNullString)  'either order. 

    lTemp = Len(sString) Mod 4       'Test for valid input. 
    If lTemp Then 
     Call Err.Raise(vbObjectError, "MyDecode", "Input string is not valid Base64.") 
    End If 

    If InStrRev(sString, "==") Then      'InStrRev is faster when you know it's at the end. 
     iPad = 2          'Note: These translate to 0, so you can leave them... 
    ElseIf InStrRev(sString, "=") Then     'in the string and just resize the output. 
     iPad = 1 
    End If 

    For lTemp = 0 To 255        'Fill the translation table. 
     Select Case lTemp 
      Case 65 To 90 
       bTrans(lTemp) = lTemp - 65    'A - Z 
      Case 97 To 122 
       bTrans(lTemp) = lTemp - 71    'a - z 
      Case 48 To 57 
       bTrans(lTemp) = lTemp + 4    '1 - 0 
      Case 43 
       bTrans(lTemp) = 62      'Chr(43) = "+" 
      Case 47 
       bTrans(lTemp) = 63      'Chr(47) = "/" 
     End Select 
    Next lTemp 

    For lTemp = 0 To 63         'Fill the 2^6, 2^12, and 2^18 lookup tables. 
     lPowers6(lTemp) = lTemp * cl2Exp6 
     lPowers12(lTemp) = lTemp * cl2Exp12 
     lPowers18(lTemp) = lTemp * cl2Exp18 
    Next lTemp 

    bIn = StrConv(sString, vbFromUnicode)    'Load the input byte array. 
    ReDim bOut((((UBound(bIn) + 1) \ 4) * 3) - 1)  'Prepare the output buffer. 

    For lChar = 0 To UBound(bIn) Step 4 
     lQuad = lPowers18(bTrans(bIn(lChar))) + lPowers12(bTrans(bIn(lChar + 1))) + _ 
       lPowers6(bTrans(bIn(lChar + 2))) + bTrans(bIn(lChar + 3))   'Rebuild the bits. 
     lTemp = lQuad And clHighMask     'Mask for the first byte 
     bOut(lPos) = lTemp \ cl2Exp16     'Shift it down 
     lTemp = lQuad And clMidMask      'Mask for the second byte 
     bOut(lPos + 1) = lTemp \ cl2Exp8    'Shift it down 
     bOut(lPos + 2) = lQuad And clLowMask   'Mask for the third byte 
     lPos = lPos + 3 
    Next lChar 

    sOut = StrConv(bOut, vbUnicode)      'Convert back to a string. 
    If iPad Then sOut = Left$(sOut, Len(sOut) - iPad) 'Chop off any extra bytes. 
    Decode64 = sOut 

End Function