Czy można alias oddziału w Git?

Question

Zajmuję się wykorzystaniem git na masową skalę. Miałem nadzieję, że zwiększę adopcję i ułatwię sprawę, dzwoniąc do głównego oddziału.

To może i da użytkownikom SVN poczucie komfortu. Wiem, że mogę utworzyć gałąź o nazwie trunk, ale wydaje się to odbiegać od norm git i może spowodować, że niektórzy użytkownicy będą się mylić.

Wiem, że mogę również tworzyć i usuwać znaczniki do zawartości mojego serca, ale kiedy sprawdzam te tagi, mówi mi, że jest to nielokalny oddział, który jest w porządku ze mną, ale prawdopodobnie nie to, co chcę robić.

Jestem totalnym gitem newbem, ale doświadczonym profesjonalistą w systemach wydań i kompilacji.

Co chcę zrobić, to móc wywołać główny bagażnik. Widziałem możliwość wykonywania poleceń aliasu, czy dotyczy to również nazw wersji obiektów?

Wiem, że git-svn istnieje i inne narzędzia, ale przeraża mnie obciążenie warstwowych systemów repozytoriów.

Answer 1

Możesz zmienić nazwę głównej gałęzi głównej, tak jak sugerował Greg, lub możesz również utworzyć trunk, który jest symbolicznym odnośnikiem do gałęzi głównej, tak aby zarówno użytkownicy git, jak i svn mieli gałąź główną, do której są przyzwyczajeni. .

git symbolic-ref refs/heads/trunk refs/heads/master 

Należy pamiętać, że bagażnik nie jest obywatelem pierwszej klasy. Jeśli wymeldujesz się trunk i wykonasz git status, to faktycznie będziesz na master, ale możesz użyć polecenia trunk we wszystkich miejscach, w których używasz nazwy oddziału (log, scalanie itd.).

Answer 2

Nie ma nic szczególnego w nazwie "master" w Git, nazywa się to tylko konwencją (i domyślnie). z pewnością można nazwać „bagażnik”, jeśli chcesz:

git branch -m master trunk 

To bardzo dużo jak Subversion, gdzie nazwa „pnia” nazywa się tylko, że zgodnie z konwencją też. Mogłeś nazwać główną gałąź "master" w Subversion.

Answer 3

git-branch-alias skrypt (i żądanie cecha):
http://www.mail-archive.com/git%40vger.kernel.org/msg49171.html

Jest to wrapper bezpieczeństwa wokół techniki przedstawionej w odpowiedzi Charlesa Baileya.

$ git branch-alias short some-overly-long-branch-name # creates alias 
$ git branch-alias short # creates alias for current branch 
$ git log short 
$ git checkout short 
$ git push origin short # pushes the branch, not the alias/reference 
$ git branch-alias --delete short 

Zaktualizowana wersja do testowania:

#!/bin/sh 
# git branch-alias 
# Version 1.09-rc1 
# Author: Phil S. 

# Creates branch aliases, so that you can refer to a long branch name 
# by a convenient short alias. This is just a "do what I mean" wrapper 
# around git symbolic-ref, but without the (considerable) risk of 
# trashing a branch if you get your arguments wrong 

# Examples: 
# git branch-alias short some-overly-long-branch-name # creates alias 
# git branch-alias short # creates alias for current branch 
# git log short 
# git checkout short 
# git push origin short # pushes the branch, not the alias/reference 
# git branch-alias --delete short 

# Caveats: 
# Although everything else I've tried works seamlessly, I note that 
# git merge <alias> will cause the alias name to be mentioned in the 
# commit message, rather than the real branch. It would be nicer if 
# the branch name appeared. 

# Compatibility: 
# Originally developed with git version 1.7.12.4 
# Tested with git versions 1.9.0, 2.54, 2.80 
# 
# Related git changes between versions 1.7.12.4 and 1.9.0: 
# 
# 1.8.0.1 
# * A symbolic ref refs/heads/SYM was not correctly removed with "git 
# branch -d SYM"; the command removed the ref pointed by SYM 
# instead. 
# 
# 1.8.1 
# * "git symbolic-ref" learned the "-d $symref" option to delete the 
# named symbolic ref, which is more intuitive way to spell it than 
# "update-ref -d --no-deref $symref". 

# Change Log: 
# v1.09: 
# POSIX-compatible option handling and output. 
# 
# v1.08: 
# Removed test git show-ref --verify --heads --quiet "refs/heads/${symref}" 
# for asserting that the specified reference was valid before deleting a 
# reference, as we need to permit the deletion of references to branches 
# which have /already/ been deleted, and this test prevented that. 
# n.b. We already had another validation test to fall back on, using 
# git symbolic-ref "refs/heads/${symref}" 
# 
# v1.07: 
# Minor tweaks. Posted as feature-request to git mailing list: 
# http://www.mail-archive.com/git%40vger.kernel.org/msg49171.html 
# Also appears at the following gmane.org URL, but there the code is broken 
# by an email obfuscation filter automatically converting the symbol '@' 
# to the string ' <at> ' (specifically, the shell positional parameter 
# expansion "$@" is changed to "$ <at>"), so don't try to use this copy: 
# http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/247581 

#cwd=$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel) 
git=$(git rev-parse --git-dir) 
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then 
    exit 1 
fi 

command=$(basename $0) 
command="git ${command##git-}" 

# Print argument (and newline) to stdout or stderr 
stdout() { 
    printf %s\\n "$1" 
} 
stderr() { 
    printf %s\\n "$1" >&2 
} 

# POSIX compatible argument quoting and parameter save/restore 
# http://www.etalabs.net/sh_tricks.html 
save() { 
    local param 
    for param; do 
     printf %s\\n "$param" \ 
      | sed "s/'/'\\\\''/g;1s/^/'/;\$s/\$/' \\\\/" 
    done 
    printf %s\\n " " 
} 
# parameters=$(save "$@") 
# eval "set -- ${parameters}" # to restore the original parameters. 

# Process option parameters 
parameters= 
while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do 
    case "$1" in 
     (--   ) shift; break;; 
     (-d|--delete) delete=1; shift;; 
     (-h|--help ) help=1; shift;; 
     (-*   ) { 
      stdout "Invalid option: $1" 
      shorthelp=1 
      shift 
     };; 
     (*) { # non-option parameter 
      parameters="${parameters}$(save "$1")" 
      shift 
     };; 
    esac 
done 

# Process non-option parameters 
eval "set -- ${parameters}" 
symref=$1 
branch=$2 

if [ -z "${symref}" ]; then 
    help=1 
fi 

# n.b. Calling "git branch-alias --help" causes git to look for 
# a man page for "git-branch-alias", so we shouldn't advertise 
# the long option (although we support it if the script is called 
# by its real name, rather than via git). 
if [ -n "${shorthelp}" ]; then 
    cat <<EOF 

For help, use: ${command} -h 

EOF 
    exit 0 
fi 

if [ -n "${help}" ]; then 
    cat <<EOF 
Usage: 
${command} <alias> [<branch>] 
${command} (-d | --delete) <alias> 

Creates a symbolic reference <alias> referring to <branch>. 
<branch> defaults to the current checked-out branch. 

This symbolic reference acts as an alias for <branch>, and can be 
used in its place. More specifically, it WILL be dereferenced to 
its target in nearly all situations, so for any given command you 
should treat every usage of <alias> as if it were actually <branch>. 

To safely delete a branch alias, always use: 
${command} -d <alias> 

WARNING: These symbolic references appear in your branch list as: 
<alias> -> <branch> 
and so you might be tempted to try to delete them like a branch: 
git branch -d <alias> 

However this can cause problems. In git versions prior to 1.8.0.1 
<alias> will be dereferenced and you will instead delete the 
branch it refers to (git will allow this even if you currently 
have that branch checked out), and the symbolic reference will 
still remain (referencing a branch which is no longer available). 

In later versions of git the <alias> will be deleted rather than 
the branch; however git will still not check to see whether you 
currently have <alias> checked out, and will not prevent you 
from deleting it in that situation. This will leave your HEAD ref 
in an invalid state. Using ${command} -d <alias> resolves 
this situation by first switching HEAD to <alias>'s target branch 
if HEAD was currently set to <alias>. 

EOF 
    exit 0 
fi 

# Use the current branch by default. 
if [ -z "${branch}" ]; then 
    branch=$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD) 
    if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then 
     stderr "Could not establish current HEAD." 
     exit 1 
    fi 
fi 

# We expect plain branch names, but also accept the fully-qualified 
# (refs/heads/NAME) paths needed by git symbolic-ref; so strip that 
# refs/heads/ prefix if it is specified. 
branch=${branch##refs/heads/} 
symref=${symref##refs/heads/} 

# Deleting a symref. 
if [ -n "${delete}" ]; then 
    if [ ! -f "${git}/refs/heads/${symref}" ]; then 
     stderr "Symbolic reference refs/heads/${symref} does not exist." 
     exit 1 
    fi 

    # Verify that it IS a symbolic reference 
    if ! git symbolic-ref "refs/heads/${symref}" >/dev/null; then 
     stderr "Error validating refs/heads/${symref} as symbolic reference." 
     exit 1 
    fi 

    # If we currently have <symref> checked out, deleting it is bad 
    # (as HEAD would no longer be a valid reference). I believe we do 
    # need to inspect the file here, as attempting to read the HEAD 
    # reference via git dereferences it to its target branch, and thus 
    # we are unable to distinguish between the branch and the symref. 
    if grep -q "^ref: refs/heads/${symref}\$" "${git}/HEAD"; then 
     stdout "Cannot delete the currently checked out symbolic reference." 
     branch=$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD) 
     if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then 
      stderr "Could not establish current HEAD." 
      exit 1 
     fi 
     stdout "Switching HEAD to target branch ${branch}" 
     # By using git symbolic-ref HEAD to find the target ref 
     # and setting HEAD to that target, nothing really changes, 
     # but we can now delete the reference safely. 
     if ! git symbolic-ref HEAD "${branch}"; then 
      stderr "Error updating HEAD from ${symref} to ${branch}" 
      stderr "Aborting." 
      exit 1 
     fi 
    fi 

    # Delete the reference. 
    # git 1.8.1+ provides: git symbolic-ref --delete <symref> 
    # but older versions do not include that option, so we use 
    # the backwards-compatible command. 
    stdout "Deleting symbolic reference refs/heads/${symref}" 
    git update-ref -d --no-deref "refs/heads/${symref}" 
    exit $? 
fi 

# Creating a new symbolic reference. 

# Error checking. git symbolic-ref doesn't really do any, and will 
# happily mess up your branches; particularly if you get the arguments 
# the wrong way around (treating it like ln -s is a really bad idea). 
if [ ! -f "${git}/refs/heads/${branch}" ]; then 
    stderr "Target refs/heads/${branch} does not exist." 
    exit 1 
fi 
if [ -f "${git}/refs/heads/${symref}" ]; then 
    target=$(git symbolic-ref "refs/heads/${symref}") 
    if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then 
     stderr "Symbolic reference refs/heads/${symref} already exists:" 
     stderr " ${symref} -> ${target##refs/heads/}" 
     stderr "To remove it, use: ${command} --delete ${symref}" 
    else 
     stderr "File refs/heads/${symref} already exists" 
     stderr "(and is not a symbolic reference!)" 
    fi 
    exit 1 
fi 
if git show-ref --verify --heads --quiet "refs/heads/${symref}"; then 
    # n.b. I'm pretty sure this is unreachable, given the previous block. 
    stderr "refs/heads/${symref} is a valid reference without a file!?" 
    exit 1 
fi 

# The parameters are good. 
# Generate the reference and display the confirmed result. 
if git symbolic-ref "refs/heads/${symref}" "refs/heads/${branch}"; then 
    target=$(git symbolic-ref "refs/heads/${symref}") 
    stdout " ${symref} -> ${target##refs/heads/}" 
else 
    stderr "Failed to create branch alias." 
    exit 1 
fi